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- NAME
- ls - list contents of directory
-
- VERSION
- $Id: ls.1,v 1.2 93/10/13 04:52:11 ppessi Exp $
-
- SYNOPSIS
- ls [ -acdfgilqrst1ACLFR ] name ...
-
- DESCRIPTION
- For each directory argument, ls lists the contents of the
- directory; for each file argument, ls repeats its name and
- any other information requested. By default, the output is
- sorted alphabetically. When no argument is given, the
- current directory is listed. When several arguments are
- given, the arguments are first sorted appropriately, but
- file arguments are processed before directories and their
- contents.
-
- There are a large number of options:
-
- -l List in long format, giving mode, number of links, owner, size
- in bytes, and time of last modification for each file. (See
- below.) If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of the
- linked-to file is printed preceded by "->".
-
- -g Include the group ownership of the file in a long output.
-
- -t Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by name.
-
- -a List all entries; in the absence of this option, entries whose
- names begin with a period (".") or end with ".info" are not
- listed.
-
- -A List all entries except entries whose names end with ".info".
-
- -s Give size in blocks of each file.
-
- -d If argument is a directory, list only its name; often used
- with -l to get the status of a directory.
-
- -L If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the
- link references rather than the link itself.
-
- -r Reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic or
- oldest first as appropriate.
-
- -i For each file, print the key block number in the first column
- of the report.
-
- -f Force each argument to be interpreted as a directory and list
- the name found in each slot. This option turns off -l, -t,
- -s, and -r, and turns on -a; the order is the order in which
- entries appear in the directory.
-
- -F cause directories to be marked with a trailing `/', hard links
- sockets with a trailing `#' and symbolic links with a trailing
- `@'.
-
- -R recursively list subdirectories encountered.
-
- -p include relative pathname into the long listing.
-
- -1 force one entry per line output format; this is the default
- when output is not interactive.
-
- -C force multi-column output; this is the default when output is
- interactive.
-
- -q force printing of non-graphic characters in file names as the
- character `?'; this is the default when output is interactive.
-
- The mode printed under the -l option contains 10 characters which
- are interpreted as follows: the first character is
-
- d if the entry is a directory;
- r if the entry is a root directory;
- l if the entry is a symbolic link;
- D if the entry is a hard link to a directory;
- p if the entry is a pipe file;
- h if the entry is a hard link to a file, or
- - if the entry is a plain file.
-
- The next 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of access
- control bits. The first set refers to owner permissions; the next
- refers to permissions to others in the same user-group; and the
- last to all others. Within each set the three characters indicate
- permission respectively to read, to write, or to execute the file
- as a program. For a directory, `write' and `execute' permissions
- are meaningless. The permissions are indicated as follows:
-
- r if the file is readable;
- w if the file is writable;
- x if the file is executable;
- - if the indicated permission is not granted.
-
- The write-permission character is given as a D if the file is
- deleteable but not writeable. It is given as a 'W' if the file is
- writeable but not deleteable. The group-execute permission
- character is given as s if the file has the set-group-id bit set;
- likewise the user-execute permission character is given as s if the
- file has the set-user-id bit set.
-
- The last character of the mode (normally `x' or `-') is 't' or 'T'
- (as sticky in Unix systems) if the pure bit of the mode is on. If
- the script bit is on, the last character is 's' or 'S'. The
- protection bits `h' and `a' are not printed.
-
- When the sizes of the files in a directory are listed, a total
- count of blocks (not including indirect blocks) is printed.
-
- FILES
- AmiTCP:db/passwd to get user id's for `ls -l'.
- AmiTCP:db/group to get group id's for `ls -g'.
-
- BUGS
- The option setting based on whether the output is interactive is
- undesirable as "ls -s" is much different than "ls -s > t:file".
-
- The printed protection flags are inadequate for AmigaDOS. The root
- directory flags are garbage. There are problems when printing
- soft links.
-
- There are too many options.
-
- AUTHOR
- Pekka Pessi, <Pekka.Pessi@hut.fi>.
- ls is part of the AmiTCP/IP package.
-